Fig. 6: Impact of driving factors on per capita CO2 in different development regions.
From: Unequal impacts of urban industrial land expansion on economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions
a Normalized variable impact for per capita CO2 in developing regions; (b) SHAP value of each driving factor for modeling per capita CO2 in developing regions; (c) normalized variable impact for per capita CO2 in developed regions; (d) SHAP value of each driving factor for modeling per capita CO2 in developed regions. The magnitude of the variable impact was calculated using absolute SHAP values, which were then normalized as a percentage share of the total impact of all driving factors. In the SHAP plot, the color indicates the feature values from low (blue) to high (red). Each data point represents one SHAP value for a given prediction and feature. The distribution of red and blue dots provides the directionality of each feature’s impact.
