Fig. 3: Comparative analysis of the evolution of shoreline retreat rates induced by DSAS, SLR and GSWE models from 1990 to 2018 for the investigated sites.
From: Shoreline retreat and beach nourishment are projected to increase in Southern California
a Shoreline Retreat Rate due to the Sea Level Rise as calculated from the Bruum formula and the measured Digital Shoreline Analysis System (EPR in m yr−1) in the validation sites of Corona del Mar (CA, USA) and the Hammamet-North (Tunisia) coasts. Error bars for the measured shoreline retreat, as deduced from DSAS, correspond to the error in assessing the EPR values, as detailed in Table 4. Bruun model errors are calculated from the standard SLR rate, which errors are associated with the regional tide gauges ranging from ±0.17 mm and ±1 mm in San Diego and Hammamet stations39,60. The water occurrence errors of the GSWE model correspond to the margin of ~6%86. b Net Shoreline Movement rates calculated from DSAS, Bruun, and GSWE Models.
