Fig. 3: RMSE distribution comparison of log(RotD50) for ASK-14 GMM, RF, and DNN estimations on the synthetic result.

RMSE distribution of log(RotD50) for the ASK-14 GMM (green boxplots), RF (blue boxplots), and DNN (orange boxplots) estimations against the synthetic results shown per magnitude bin for a T = 2s, b T = 3s, c T = 5s, d T = 10s. The median value of the RMSE, marked with a circle for each boxplot, is reduced up to 45% for the ML estimates relative to ASK-14. The mean of the median RMSE value for all magnitudes is summarized in Supplementary Table 2. Boxplot bars represent the first and third quartiles of the metric distribution.