Fig. 6: Lagrangian 3D simulations of tracer spreading using CIOPS-E velocity fields.

Simulated tracer release maps of depth-integrated particle count Pj after (a) 8 months and (b) 12 months. Black contours represent the h = 279 m depth level. Station-wise comparisons between simulated and observed bulk 1D transport are provided for along-channel spreading in (c) and (d) and vertical spreading in (e) and (f), with simulated and observed vertical spreading provided for interior and boundary subsets in (g) and (h).