Fig. 5: Comparison of different management strategies.
From: A scalable big data approach for remotely tracking rangeland conditions

a Spatial distributions of the combined impacts from management and climatic variability on national protected areas. b Spatial distributions of the sole management impacts on national protected areas. Boxplots for c local (LPA) and national (NPA) protected areas colored by the time of management establishment and d protected areas of the four different management strategies under the NPA management (SPA ‘strictly protected area’, NP ‘national parks’, NR ‘nature reserve’, NHM ‘natural and historical monument areas’). Values in (a–d) are belief differences in ‘increase’ between the prior- and post-management periods (i.e., after the correction of the climatic effect).