Table 1 Key global benchmarks in assessed mitigation pathways

C1

(n = 70)

Net GHG

(direct)

53.4

[55.2, 52.6]

28.9

[32.4, 26.0]

21.1

[24.2, 18.5]

7.2

[8.7, 5.3]

1.7

[7.6, −5.9]

Gross CO₂

(direct)

41.8

[43.7, 40.0)

24.5

[26.2, 21.1]

18.1

[20.6, 16.1]

8.3

[10.1, 7.5]

5.5

[11.7, 3.9]

Non-CO₂

14.8

[15.2, 14.0]

9.8

[10.8, 9.3]

9.0

[9.9, 8.4]

7.6

[8.9, 6.7]

6.6

[7.6, 5.3]

CDR

(direct)

2.5

[2.5, 2.5]

5.1

[5.7, 3.9]

6.1

[7.1, 4.9]

9.3

[11.5, 7.6]

11.8

[17.1, 9.5]

Novel CDR

0

[0, 0]

0.3

[0.6, 0.1]

1

[1.7, 0.3]

3.8

[5.7, 1.8]

7.7

[12.6, 5.7]

Conventional CDR

on land

2.5

[2.5, 2.5]

4

[5.1, 3.4]

4.8

[5.6, 3.9]

5.4

[6.3, 3.6]

3.6

[4.6, 2.2]

C2

(n = 102)

Net GHG

(direct)

55.2

[55.7, 53.4]

41.5

[49.0, 36.0]

31.4

[36.4, 27.9]

12.8

[15.5, 9.0)

−5.5

[−2.7, −8.0]

Gross CO₂

(direct)

43.3

[43.9, 41.5]

33.5

[39.2, 28.4]

26.2

[29.3, 22.5]

12.6

[16.1, 10.7]

5.3

[7.9, 4.0]

Non-CO₂

14.3

[15.2, 13.8]

11.8

[13.4, 10.6]

10.0

[11.0, 9.4]

8.2

[9.1, 7.7]

6.0

[7.1, 4.9]

CDR

(direct)

2.5

[2.5, 2.5]

3.2

[4.1, 2.8]

4.5

[5.6, 3.5]

8.1

[10.5, 6.5]

17.6

[19.9, 13.9]

Novel CDR

0

[0,0]

0.1

[0.2, 0]

0.3

[0.6, 0.1]

3.5

[5.8, 1.2]

13

[15.8, 10.3]

Conventional CDR

on land

2.5

[2.5, 2.5]

3.1

[3.8, 2.7]

4

[4.5, 3.1]

5.2

[5.7, 3.7]

3.5

[5.1, 2.4]

C3

(n = 229)

Net GHG

(direct)

53.5

[55.5, 52.5]

43.1

[49.1, 37.9]

34.5

[37.6, 29.5]

18.5

[21.1, 14.1]

3.8

[8.1, −2.1]

Gross CO₂

(direct)

42.1

[43.7, 40.0]

34.0

[39.3, 30.8]

28.1

[30.3, 24.8]

16.2

[18.3, 13.8]

8.7

[12.7, 6.8]

Non-CO₂

14.8

[15.3, 14.0]

12.2

[13.2, 11.0]

10.5

[11.4, 9.3]

8.6

[9.1, 7.2]

6.8

[7.7, 5.4]

CDR

(direct)

2.5

[2.5, 2.5]

3.2

[4.7, 2.7]

4.1

[5.5, 3.2]

6.3

[9.4, 5.5]

13.5

[17.4, 10.1]

Novel CDR

0

[0, 0]

0

[0.2, 0]

0.2

[0.6, 0.1]

2

[3.6, 0.8]

9.7

[13.9, 6.3]

Conventional CDR

on land

2.5

[2.5, 2.5]

3.2

[4.5, 2.5]

3.6

[5, 2.5]

4

[5.5, 2.7]

3.4

[4.7, 2.2]