Fig. 4: Relationship between global mean surface temperature, polar amplification, and land-sea warming contrast.
From: Paleoclimate data provide constraints on climate models' large-scale response to past CO2 changes
Relationship between metrics for a GMST (l,p,eΔTt,s) and polar amplification (l,p,eΔPt,s), and b GMST and land–sea warming contrast (l,p,eΔLt,s), for the last glacial maximum (LGM; blue, l), mid-Pliocene warm period (MPWP; orange, p), and early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO; red, e). Large circles and very likely ranges show the observed site-specific metric (s), small circles show the model site-specific metric for all CMIP6/PMIP4 models, and stars show the true model metric (t) for all CMIP6/PMIP4 models. The square shows the preindustrial. The EECO observed metric shown with an open circle excludes SST data from the southwest Pacific.
