Fig. 3: Relationships between microbial diversity and soil multifunctionality during four periods of seasonal freeze-thaw processes and at two depths.

A Differences of the linear regression fits between microbial diversity and soil multifunctionality among four periods and at two depths. B Differences of functional effects (slopes of regression fits) of microbial diversity on individual functions and classified multifunctionalities among four periods and at two depths. C Differences of the proportions of diversity in taxa that supporting classified soil multifunctionalities among four periods and at two depths. Taxa of individual OTUs that are significantly positively correlated with classified multifunctionalities are defined as “supporting taxa”. TC total carbon, OC organic carbon, WSOC water soluble organic carbon, MBC microbial biomass carbon, TN total nitrogen, MBN microbial biomass nitrogen. TP, CTP, FP, and CFP represent the thawing, completely thawed, freezing, and completely frozen periods, respectively. Asterisks indicate the statistical significance (***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, and *p < 0.05).