Fig. 7: Impact of extremes on total costs in a fully renewable system. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 7: Impact of extremes on total costs in a fully renewable system.

From: Addressing extreme weather events for the renewable power-water-heating sectors in Neom, Saudi Arabia

Fig. 7: Impact of extremes on total costs in a fully renewable system.

For a fully renewable system, considering extremes increases total costs for the power, water, and heat sectors. The total cost components are broken down into annualized investment cost (AIC), fixed operating Cost (FOC), and variable operating cost (VOC). a Power sector. Costs are shown for technologies, including combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT), photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines, concentrated solar power (CSP), and battery storage (BS). Total costs across all technologies are labeled as ALL. b Water sector. Costs are shown for technologies including reverse osmosis (RO), multi-effect distillation (MED), and water tanks (WTK). Total costs across all technologies are labeled as ALL. c Heat sector. Costs are shown for technologies, including air-source heat pumps (ASHP), centralized resistant heaters (RC), decentralized resistant heaters (RD), geothermal energy (GEO), and combined heat and power (CHP). Total costs across all technologies are labeled as ALL.

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