Fig. 5: Scheme illustrating climate change impacts on soil Cd bioavailability with subsequent implications for microbiome dynamics. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 5: Scheme illustrating climate change impacts on soil Cd bioavailability with subsequent implications for microbiome dynamics.

From: Climate induced microbiome alterations increase cadmium bioavailability in agricultural soils with pH below 7

Fig. 5

A Future climatic conditions increase porewater and bioavailable Cd in acidic but not in alkaline soils as indicated by blue colors for ambient and red colors for future climatic conditions (B) through alterations in soil pH upon climate-driven differences in microbial activity such as ammonium oxidation (C), cell death (indicated by broke bacteria), and altered taxonomic and active microbial composition (D) (indicated by different colors and shapes of bacteria). Porewater Cd concentrations below approximately 1 µg L−1 have a stimulatory effect on the soil microbiome (E), most prominent for neutral to alkaline soils. At porewater Cd concentrations above approximately 1 µg L−1, stimulatory Cd effects on the microbiome may be outweighed by toxic effects, which is most prominent for soils with a pH < 7 or with high total Cd contents. Figure was created with BioRender.com.

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