Fig. 7: Insolation-/temperature-gradient driving the interplay of the monsoon and westerlies.
a Annual latitudinal insolation gradient for the boreal52. b Reconstructed slope of the boreal latitudinal temperature gradient (LTG)52 between the mid-latitudes and high-latitudes, shading indicates 1-sigma standard deviation and SD refers to standardized units. c Simulated changes of summer westerly jet position over the TB (this study). The thin line represents the original data, while the thick line illustrates the data after applying a smoothing technique at 5 points. d Hydroclimate changes are reflected by smoothed δ13CIC of YM22 in the Kunlun Mountains (this study), within smaller values representing drier hydroclimate conditions. e low-latitude (30°N-30°S) interhemispheric insolation gradients82. f temperature contrast39,83 calculated from zonal averages from tropical regions (30°N to 30°S) and the boreal extra-tropics (>30°N). g Monsoon intensity inferred from stalagmite δ18O values in Oman98. h Provenance shift over the TB (this study), within larger values representing increased mountain sediment sources.
