Table 1 Main assumptions for the analyzed measures
From: A combination of measures limits demand for critical materials in Sweden’s electric car transition
Measure | Base year | Reference scenario | Low material demand scenario |
|---|---|---|---|
Vehicle energy efficiency | Average energy use according to EEA statistics47: 220 W h km−1. | Average energy use of 217 and 228 W h km−1 for the NMC811 and LFP pathways, respectively. | Average energy use of 109 and 111 W h km−1, for the NMC811 and LFP pathways, respectively. |
Downsizing of cars | Average mass in running order according to EEA statistics47: 1967 kg. | Glider mass of 1275 kg (incl. 15% lightweight materials) plus the mass of the battery, powertrain, driver, etc., resulting in mass in running order of 1792 and 1967 kg for the NMC811 and LFP pathways, respectively. | Glider mass of 863 kg (incl. 25% lightweight materials) plus the mass of the battery, powertrain, driver, etc., resulting in mass in running order of 1118 and 1157 kg for the NMC811 and LFP pathways, respectively. |
Reduced driving range | Average range according to EEA statistics47: 355 km. | Average range of 400 km. | Average range of 200 km. |
Car sharing | No car sharing. | No car sharing. | One autonomous car replaces five conventional ones, following a Gompertz curve reaching 98% new car sales by 2050. |
Reduced car travel demand | Average annual travel demand of 11,000 km per capita. | Average annual travel demand of 13,300 km per capita by 2050. | Average annual travel demand of 8650 km per capita by 2050. |
