Fig. 1: Annual nutrient extraction by industrial fisheries between 1960 and 2018.

Temporal trends of a landings, b carbon, c nitrogen, and d phosphorus extractions and extraction molar ratios e C:N (carbon:nitrogen), f C:P (carbon:phosphorus), and g N:P (nitrogen:phosphorus). Nutrient extraction estimates and extraction molar ratios were calculated as the mean of 100 generated estimates per year, with shaded areas representing the 95% confidence intervals. In the extraction molar ratio plots, dashed lines represent the expected uniform extraction molar ratios based on the following literature-derived uniform nutrient composition values: 12.5% for carbon¹³, 2.8% for nitrogen¹⁵, and 0.6% for phosphorus¹⁵.