Fig. 4: Five yield levels of winter wheat in China during the baseline period of 1961-2020.

a–e Show the absolute values for YP Yield potential, HYP High-yield practice, HEP High-efficiency practice, FP Farmer practice, BSF Basic soil fertility; f–j present the values of (coefficient of variation (CV) corresponding to the five yield levels; k–o depict yield trends (10-year average yield change rate), with blank areas indicating the non-significant in winter wheat yields (P < 0.05).