Fig. 7: Average yield gaps of winter wheat in China.

Column panels show the average yield gaps during the baseline period of 1961–2020 (a–d), and the average yield gaps under two scenarios of SSP245 and SSP585 in future periods of 2040 s (e–l) and 2080 s (m–t) in the three winter-wheat producing regions (Huang-Huai-Hai, Southern China, and Xinjiang) of China. Negative values of YG-1 and YG-2 indicate that the yield at HEP (‘High-efficiency practice’) level was higher than at the HYP (‘High-yield practice’) level and lower than at the FP (‘Farmer practice’) level.