Fig. 9: Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of winter wheat for different levels of agronomic practices in three main producing regions (i.e., Huang-Huai-Hai, Southern China, and Xinjiang) of China. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 9: Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of winter wheat for different levels of agronomic practices in three main producing regions (i.e., Huang-Huai-Hai, Southern China, and Xinjiang) of China.

From: Efficient agronomic practices narrow yield gaps and alleviate climate change impacts on winter wheat production in China

Fig. 9

a Panels show the NUE during the baseline period of 1961–2020 (n = 60). The plots display mean horizontally jittered values of PFP (fertilizer partial factor productivity, kg ha−1) and NAE (nitrogen agronomic efficiency, kg ha−1) through a boxplot and a split-half violin plot of the density. NUE values annotated with *, **, or *** are significantly different at P < 0.1, P < 0.05, or P < 0.01, respectively. b–d Plots for the average NAE changes in the baseline period (1961–2020) and future period (2021–2100) under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios. The solid lines are the mean response curves based on a 5-year moving average.

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