Fig. 3: Sectoral contributions to export-related air pollutant emissions in China.

a Consumption-based (foreign countries as consumers) and production-based (Chinese provinces as producers) sectoral contribution. b Major foreign contributors to the top two consuming sectors. c Major provincial contributors to the top two producing sectors and the bottom right percentage shows the contributions from indirect exports. The percentage on each bar of panels b & c illustrates the contribution proportion of each region to the total export-related emissions of this sector. The ‘‘nec’’ in the sector name means “not elsewhere classified”, referring to economic activities or industries that cannot be clearly classified into other specific sectors.