Fig. 2: Plume detection scheme for preferred mantle flow model C4 (δρ = 1.3%) at 60 Ma.
From: Large volcanic eruptions are mostly sourced above mobile basal mantle structures
a and b 3D snapshots of modelled plumes and BLOBS at 60 Ma under the African (a) and Pacific (b) hemispheres, with J18 large volcanic eruptions as green triangles with black outlines, current present-day coastlines in light grey, and blue line highlighting the equator. c Equatorial annular cross-section of temperature anomaly. d Radial heat advection at 1040 km depth, with open white dashed discs centred on plume centroid locations from radial heat advection to ≥80 K m yr−1. The age (60 Ma) was selected to capture more LIPs than at 0 Ma (Supplementary Fig. 4). Robinson projection at Earth’s surface.
