Fig. 5: Incorporating First Nations perspectives into the System of Environmental Economic Accounting Ecosystem Accounting.

In (A), the System of Environmental Economic Accounting Ecosystem Accounting conceptual diagram of ecosystem service flows¹¹ shows a one-way flow of benefits from ecosystems to people via the economy. In (B), the revised model informed by collaborative research with First Nations partners emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between humans and nature. It highlights the two-way flows of benefits and the interconnectedness of nature and society, visually represented by the blurred boundaries. Adapted from: Normyle et al.⁷, Jarvis et al.²¹.