Fig. 1

Ocean alkalinity enhancement methods: (1) spreading alkaline material on the beaches; (2) adding alkaline material to the ocean from vessels; and (3) removing acid via electrochemical method. Image created by Derek Fulton, June 2025, CSIRO.

Ocean alkalinity enhancement methods: (1) spreading alkaline material on the beaches; (2) adding alkaline material to the ocean from vessels; and (3) removing acid via electrochemical method. Image created by Derek Fulton, June 2025, CSIRO.