Fig. 4: Average annual N, P and K input-output balances for wheat, sunflower and maize per county in Ukraine over 2019-2021, pre-war years.
From: Nutrient asymmetry challenges the sustainability of Ukrainian agriculture
Positive values indicate nutrient surplus liable to be lost; Negative values indicate nutrient deficit. Annual inorganic N deposition (Supplementary Fig. 5) and annual N fixation by free-living organisms (assumed to be 5 kg N ha−1 yr−1)37, both not shown in this figure, were used as N inputs for N balance calculations (see Methods for details). Grey-filled counties indicate no data; see Supplementary Table 1 and Fig. 17 for county details.
