Fig. 4: Effects of volcanic C-S cycle on Early Permian climate change.
From: Volcanically driven Hg–C–S cycling and climate change across the Early Permian Artinskian warming
Early Permian volcanism (e.g., Tarim LIP) that drove C–S cycling and associated long-term climatic warming and short-term climatic cooling are recorded in the Early Permian large-scale paleo-Juggar lake, Northern Pangea (modified from ref. 91 and references therein). VSRF, UV and OH refer to volcanic sulfate radiative forcing, ultraviolet and hydroxyl radical, respectively. CW, Pri-pro, nCIEs and nSIEs refer to chemical weathering, primary productivity, negative organic carbon and bulk sulfur isotope excursions, respectively.
