Fig. 5: EW-tests applied to FORGE.
From: The bound growth of induced earthquakes could de-risk hydraulic fracturing
EW-tests are shown for a the 2022 stage 3 and b for the 2024 cluster 3 (stages 7–10). The input data includes earthquake magnitudes (circles), the sequence of observed MLRG (red line), alongside the expected MLRG at the 10/50/90 percentiles (red area); two possible injection-based MMAX models are considered (blue lines). Correspondingly, the ensemble weights from the EW-test are shown; bound models are highly favourable in most cases (Figs. S18–S21). c Map view showing the locations of earthquakes (circles) alongside the 16 A well trajectory (black line) and stage locations (grey lines). Throughout the figure, all earthquakes are colour-coded accordingly to their likelihood of being bound or unbound from EW-tests.
