Fig. 3: Residual sea level anomalies in Africa highlight the exceptional nature of 2023.
From: Accelerating sea level rise in Africa and its large marine ecosystems since the 1990s
a Time series of SLA residuals after removing the 1993–2023 GMSL trend, with pink dots marking peak maxima. b Comparison of SLA and residual magnitudes for selected peak years. The year 2023 exhibits the largest anomalies in both SLA and residuals across the satellite record, persisting even after global trend removal.
