Fig. 2: Dynamics of crop water consumption in the Amu Darya Basin.
Crop water consumption estimated as actual evapotranspiration (ETa) in the Amu Darya Basin for the period 1987-2019. Annual values of crop water consumption for each cropping practice (dry season cropping, double cropping, wet season cropping) are expressed in km3 (a) and stacked to obtain the total volume of the three cropping practices for the entire region, showing an increasing trend (black dashed line, p = 0.023) (b). Average crop water consumption per pixel for the three main cropping practices, expressed in mm (c) and stacked for all cropping practices, shows an increasing trend (black dashed line, p < 0.001) (d). Dashed lines show significant trends (p < 0.05), estimated with the non-parametric Mann–Kendall test and the Theil-Sen estimator, represent the change over time. We excluded the years 2002 and 2003 from the ETa estimates due to insufficient availability of Landsat images, which resulted in high uncertainties of actual evapotranspiration (Supplementary Fig. S114).
