Fig. 4: Bathymetry of the Sea of Japan, the main currents, and the vertical structure of the Japan Sea Proper Water (JSPW) and Bottom Water (BW) during summer and fall.
From: Anthropogenic radionuclides as tracers of climate change in the Pacific Ocean
Most of the JSPW and BW water masses are very cold and homogeneous, resulting in a very small water density gradient. The Upper JSPW, Lower JSPW, and Bottom Water are characterized by the following potential temperature (PT) ranges: PT > 0.5 °C (large PT gradient), 0.5–0.1 °C (small PT gradient), 0.1–0.07 °C (very small PT gradient), and PT < 0.07 °C (no PT gradient), respectively. A shows the PT structure north of the Subpolar Front, while B shows the structure south of the Subpolar Front. Green ellipses indicate anticyclonic eddies. An anticyclonic eddy north of the Subpolar Front extends to depths greater than 2000 m (ref.99). The orange ellipse marks the area of Bottom Water formation near Vladivostok. The map was produced using the Global Mapping Tool (www.altova.com).
