Fig. 4: Estimating EZN from TI-stimulation-induced seizure (synthetic data).
a, The electric field of TI stimulation by two pairs of scalp-EEG electrodes (shown in red and orange) based on the 10-5 international reference system, using an extended scalp-EEG cap from SIMNIBS29. We applied stimulation at 1,000 Hz and 1,005 Hz through the first (PPO3, P5h) and second (PPO5, PO5h) scalp electrode pairs, respectively. The electrodes PPO3, P5h, PPO5 and PO5h are part of the extended 10–5 EEG system and correspond to intermediate scalp locations over the parietal and parieto-occipital regions. The spatial distribution of the amplitude of the TI electric field is colored in the 3D brain. b, Seizure dynamics were simulated using the Epileptor-Stimulation model through the TI stimulation. Neural activity is shown in color on the cortical mesh at six different time points. The seizures are located around the left O2 regions of the VEP atlas. c, Simulated scalp-EEG time series from TI-stimulation-induced seizure. The y-axis shows the names of selected scalp-EEG channels. The scaled-up time series during the seizure period is shown in red. d, Posterior distribution of the EVs (higher value indicates higher chance for seizure) for ten selected regions obtained from the HMC sampling. Red regions indicate highest chance of being the EZN; the others are in green. e,f, The region of the highest EV posterior distribution is the left O2 in red shown in T1-MRI (e) and the 3D brain (f). The second region (left O1) is shown in yellow.
