Fig. 3: Optimization curves.

Mean energy as a function of total optimization steps across all geometries and twists. Energies are the running average over the last 1,000 steps. Crosses mark final evaluation energies. a, Energy of 2 × 2 supercell of graphene. b, Mean energy of the potential energy surface of LiH in a 2 × 2 × 2 supercell.