Fig. 1: Particulates and microbial cells in smoke and ambient air across three days of high-intensity forest fire in Utah, USA.

Drawing shows scaled concentrations of cells contrasting ambient air (“A”, mean sampling height above ground level 25 m, N = 8) and smoke plumes (“S”, mean height 75 m, N = 17). Number of viable and non-viable cells differed significantly between air types (K–S test; P < 0.01). Particulate matter concentrations (µg m−3) in smoke were nearly three orders of magnitude higher (K–S test; P < 0.005) than in ambient conditions for PM10 and significantly higher for PM2.5 and PM1.0 size fractions (data not shown).