Fig. 1: Spatiotemporal variation in geochemical parameters in the heated and control bays.
From: Weakened resilience of benthic microbial communities in the face of climate change
a Temperature measured within the heated (orange) and control (blue) bays using HOBO data loggers at three different sampling sites (1 m below the surface) between December 2017 and November 2019. Standard deviations (n = 3) between the sampling sites in each bay are shown in light gray. Surface (gray) for heated bay (▲) and control bay (●) and bottom (black) water temperatures were also measured at each sampling time. b Mean sediment pore water (0–1 cm) and bottom water geochemical parameters from the heated (orange) and control (blue) bays are indicated with dots. Temperature, oxygen, and salinity were measured on bottom water with the other environmental variables measured on pore water from the collected sediments. Vertical standard deviations (s.d.) show spatial variation over sampling sites within each bay (n = 3) while horizontal deviations (s.d.) represent the temporal variation over sampling occasions (n = 4). Temperature of the sediment were taken June 2018 (heated bay 17.5–31 cm depth and control bay 23.5–33 cm depth). Red asterisks indicate significant changes between the bays (Supplementary Table 2). c Downward sulfate diffusive fluxes at 6 cm sediment depth for three sampling points across the heated (orange) and control (blue) bays at three different sampling points (June 2018, November 2018, and March 2019). Dashed lines show the average sulfate fluxes for the heated (dark orange; 1.74 × 10–9 mmol/cm2/s) and control (dark blue; 0.83 × 10–9 mmol/cm2/s) bays.
