Fig. 3: Conserved BGCs of cycadivorous core gut microbiome.

A BiG-SCAPE networks containing 85 complete and non-redundant BGCs identified in the six metagenomes obtained from the EcoMining experiments. Turnerbactin-like, catechol-type siderophore, and aryl polyene BGCs formed five and four clans, respectively. B CORASON analysis with 230 turnerbactin-like BGCs from Serratia, Pantoea, and Stenotrophomonas genomes were used to reconstruct a BGC phylogeny. Turnerbactin-like BGCs can be separated into two groups based on changes in the NRPs’ protein sequences and their genomic context. The first group was found in all three bacterial genera, while the second was found only in Serratia and Pantoea. Two types of divergently related BGCs were found: (i) bona fide catechol-type siderophore BGCs (marked with S), and (ii) siderophore-like BGCs, no Fur box detected (#). BGCs found in the isolated strains from co-cultures are denoted with an asterisk (*), and BGCs found in MAGs with ampersands (&). EA, Eumaeus atala (BMAA + /-); PF, Pharaxonotha floridana (BMAA + /-); RS, Rhopalotria slossoni (BMAA +/-). Expanded versions of the trees supporting this general phylogeny are provided as supplementary information (Figs. S8, S9, S10, and S11).