Table 1 Linguistic Repertoires, Subject Positions, and Functions

Reconceptualizing Scientist Identity

Activism is Objective and Rational

This position seeks to reconcile the perceived conflict between scientific objectivity and activism by framing activism as a rational extension of scientific inquiry. It posits that engaging in activism is a logical response to scientific findings, fulfilling the broader goals of scientific inquiry.

There is no Objective Researcher

This position challenges the notion of objectivity by arguing that all researchers are influenced by personal perspectives and values. It suggests embracing subjectivity and acknowledging the impossibility of complete objectivity can lead to more honest and transparent science, thereby removing the perceived conflict between scientific objectivity and activism and making the case for scientist-activism.

Activism is a Scientist’s Moral Duty

This position asserts that scientists have a moral obligation to use their expertise and influence for the betterment of society. It emphasizes the ethical responsibility of scientists to engage in activism for policies and actions aligned with scientific evidence.

Reframing the Work that Scientists Do

Research as an Activist Choice

This position holds that research itself can be a form of activism in particular circumstances, blurring the lines between traditional research and activist endeavors.

Strategic Environmental Advocacy

This position highlights how scientists carefully choose between the terms “advocacy” and “activism” to align with their professional identities. It underscores their deliberate approach to promoting environmental causes while preserving their credibility and autonomy.