Table 2 Results of the one-way MANOVA analyzing riverbank erosion hazards in relation to economic and non-economic loss and damage (L&D) risk factors
F | ρ | η2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
Riverbank erosion | |||
Variables for economic loss and damage | |||
Loss of existing income | 4.070 | 0.003 | 0.910 |
Decrease in agricultural yield | 9.364 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
Irreversible loss of natural resources | 3.204 | 0.014 | 0.820 |
Decreases in development opportunities | 4.950 | 0.001 | 0.958 |
Infrastructure damage | 2.699 | 0.032 | 0.741 |
Damage to agricultural land | 5.153 | 0.001 | 0.965 |
Damage to energy infrastructure | 2.703 | 0.032 | 0.742 |
Healthcare expenses | 2.523 | 0.042 | 0.708 |
Significant amount of money loss | 6.338 | 0.000 | 0.993 |
Additional restoration cost | 2.771 | 0.029 | 0.754 |
Loss of employment opportunities | 5.550 | 0.000 | 0.976 |
Variables for non-economic loss and damage | |||
Impacts on sense of identity | 4.409 | 0.005 | 0.870 |
Decrease in resource control | 3.731 | 0.012 | 0.803 |
Emotional and psychological distress | 6.303 | 0.000 | 0.964 |
Loss of cultural traditions or sites | 3.942 | 0.009 | 0.826 |
Destruction of open or recreational places | 4.078 | 0.008 | 0.840 |
Impacts on capacity to travel | 2.729 | 0.045 | 0.655 |
