Fig. 2: Impacts and distribution of implemented WEFE nexus solutions in Mediterranean countries. | npj Climate Action

Fig. 2: Impacts and distribution of implemented WEFE nexus solutions in Mediterranean countries.

From: Nexus approach to enhance water-energy-food security and ecosystems resilience under climate change in the Mediterranean

Fig. 2: Impacts and distribution of implemented WEFE nexus solutions in Mediterranean countries.

a Assessment of the main impacts and trade-offs of WEFE nexus adaptation and mitigation solutions implemented in the Mediterranean countries. The link is made to the SDGs through the nexus pillars. Each pillar has two columns indicating positive impacts (left) and risks or trade-offs (right) associated with the solution. The amount of evidence is quantified by the number of articles used (in brackets) for assessing each solution, and categorised by robustness: limited, medium, or robust (shades of brown). Four degrees of agreement measures the consensus between the articles. This figure does not review all possible solutions, but those implemented in the Mediterranean, reported in the scientific literature, and assessed in this study. b Spatial distribution of implemented WEFE nexus solutions based on a review of 205 articles (see Supplementary note). Selected solutions address at least 2 of the 4 WEFE components.

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