Fig. 1: Arctic amplification and driftwood solution.

A natural erosion and tree tipping, as well as (B) driftwood accumulation along the Indigirka river in northeastern Siberia (taken by Ulf Büntgen in July 2016). (C) Underwater logs on the ocean floor of the northwest continental shelf of the Chinese Sea⁵¹. D changes in sea-ice concentration >60 and >66° North (red and orange, respectively) expressed as total annual sums of sea-ice cover anomalies⁵², (E) changes in vapour pressure (warmer and wetter conditions) >60 and >66° North (dark and light blue, respectively) expressed as average hPa anomalies⁵³, and (F) changes in tree-ring width (TRW; light green) and maximum latewood density (MXD; dark green) expressed as mean and median (thin dashed lines) timeseries after ‘signal-free age-dependent spline’ detrending of eight undisturbed boreal forest sites in northern North America and northern Eurasia (https://climexp.knmi.nl and https://www.monostar.org).