Fig. 1: ACCPD framework (conceptual illustration): The diagram illustrates the iterative loop between policy design, social simulation, and physical constraints.
From: Generative AI for climate governance and acceptability-constrained policy design
The Observatory Layer (curved line) acts as an enveloping ‘Human-in-the-Loop’ interface where stakeholders define the Draft Policy and monitor the system. Inside the simulation, LLM-Agents assess the policy and diffuse opinions through a Social Network (GABM). These social outcomes interact with a Physical World Model (e.g., climate impacts), creating a feedback loop between social sentiment and physical reality. Finally, the Acceptability Frontier synthesizes these results to guide the Redesign (Optimization) step, where policymakers utilize the output to adjust policy parameters for higher political viability before re-assessment. We refer the readers to Supplementary Information Fig. S1 for the proposed comprehensive system architecture. This figure includes public domain icons from Wikimedia Commons.
