Fig. 2: Self-righting progression of the ladybird insect and G. Portentosa without load, with load and with bio-inspired artificial wing.

(Top left) G. portentosa is positioned face-up, and the insect instinctively adopts a saddle stance that enables it to tilt over the side. Once the insect’s body side comes into contact with the ground, it attempts to reach the floor using its opposite legs. After successfully establishing a firm grip, the insect pulls its body weight to complete the self-standing motion. (Top right) When an additional load, such as the electronic backpack, is added, the insect is unable to achieve self-standing motion naturally. (Center) Coccinella is positioned face-up, and the insect’s lack of dorsal mobility, caused by the morphology of its outer elytra, prevents it from generating self-standing motion. Additionally, its shorter legs are unable to reach the floor. Instinctively, the insect resorts to its only available movement: expanding its wings. By exerting a pushing force with its elytra, a back-rolling motion is generated. Once self-standing motion is achieved, the elytra closes. (Bottom) G. portentosa is positioned face-up, with its bio-inspired wing expanded. Similarly to Coccinella, the insect cannot reach the ground with its legs. Thanks to the one-point attachment, the insect can balance itself and generate a rolling motion. Once the abdominal section passes the plane perpendicular to the ground, the rolling motion can be completed. Finally, self-standing motion is successfully achieved. The insect is positioned on top of a transparent surface with controlled inclination using a 3D-printed angle tool.