Table 1 The three collective-choice rights
From: Accounting for existing tenure and rights over marine and freshwater systems
Collective-Choice Right | Definition38 | Indications of the presence of this right among the community |
|---|---|---|
Management | “The right to regulate internal use patterns and transform the resource by making improvements.” | • Created or co-created a management plan • Partners with government or an NGO in a formal co-management arrangement • Monitors the resource/territory • Has developed use rules (e.g., gear restrictions, temporal restrictions, no-take zones, input controls, output controls, cultural practices that distribute effort over time and space) • Enforces the rules (i.e., imposes sanctions on rule-breakers) • Patrols the territory |
Exclusion | “The right to determine who will have an access right, and how that right may be transferred.” | • Has written requirements about who can access the territory/resources • Has informal, but widely understood, requirements about who can access the territory/resources • When faced with threat from outsiders, has successfully kept them out • Grants outsiders the right of access and withdrawal in exchange for something (e.g., compliance, monitoring, payment) • Has developed rules around transfer/inheritance of rights |
Transferability | “The right to sell or lease either or both of the above collective-choice rights.” Includes social transfer (e.g., parent to child, master to apprentice). | • Passes down rights through kinship (e.g., to family members of apprentices) • Has developed rules to transfer/sell rights |
