Table 2 Summary literature of modern era
From: A rapid narrative review of the clinical evolution of psychedelic treatment in clinical trials
Study | Patient demographics | Treated disorder(s) | Psychedelic used/dosage | Therapy type | Treatment duration | Control group | Outcome measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sloshower et al.86 | n = 19 | MDD | Psilocybin | Two psilocybin sessions, preparation and integration session employing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) | Preparation, psilocybin administration, and integration sessions – 6 weeks Follow up – 2 weeks | None | GRID-HAM-D-17, QIDS-SR-16 and suitability of ACT |
Ross et al.87 | N = 29 (F = 18) | Cancer patients with adjustment disorder (90%), or anxiety disorder (10%), based on SCID IV. | Psilocybin, (0.3 mg/kg), Niacin (250 mg) | One psilocybin session and one Niacin session (cross over design). Preparation and integration sessions therapy employed pro-prohibition style therapy focusing on existential /spiritual perspective. | Preparation, safety, psilocybin or Niacin administration, integration, and support sessions – 20 weeks | Yes | Primary outcomes: HADS, BDI, STAI Secondary outcomes: self-report on existential distress, life quality, spirituality, psilocybin’s persisting effects, mystical experience. |
Ages 22–75 | |||||||
Johnson et al. 88 | N = 15 (F = 5) | Nicotine dependence | Psilocybin (20–30 mg/70 kg) | Three psilocybin sessions (3rd dose optional). Preparation, integration, and support sessions are based on Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) | Preparation, psilocybin administration integration and support sessions – 15 weeks Follow up - 6 months | None | Cigarette dependence: Breath CO, Urine cotinine, Questionnaire on Smoking Urges, Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale, Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale Psilocybin effect: Visual Effects, Post-session Headache Interview, Mysticism Scale, States of Consciousness, Persisting Effects Questionnaire |
Age: 26–65 | |||||||
Bogenschuz et al.71 | N = 10 (F = 4) | Alcohol dependence | Psilocybin (0.3–0.4 mg/kg) | Two psilocybin sessions. Preparation, integration, and psychosocial sessions using Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) | Preparation, psilocybin administration, integration, and psychosocial sessions – 12 weeks | None | Alcohol Dependence: ARCI, Monitor Session Rating Form, TLFB, SIP, BAC, Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale, AASE, PACS Effect of Psilocybin: HRS, 5D-ASC, POMS |
Age: 25–65 | |||||||
Stauffer et al.89 | N = 18 (All males) mean age = 59.2) | AIDS survivors + demoralization and Attachment Anxiety or Attachment Avoidance | Psilocybin (0.3–0.36 mg/kg) | One psilocybin session, group preparatory and integrative sessions based on Brief Supportive Expressive Group Therapy (SEGT) | Preparation (individual and groups), psilocybin administration, integration (group) – 6 weeks Follow up - 3 months | None | Questionnaires about mystical Experience and challenging Experience |
Carhart-Harris et al.90 | N = 12 (F = 6) | TRD | Psilocybin session 1 (10 mg); psilocybin session 2 (25 mg) | Two psilocybin sessions preparation session, integration sessions based on non-directive support. | Preparation, psilocybin administration, and integration sessions – 2 weeks Follow up - 3 months | None | Patient-rated subjective intensity of psilocybin’s effects, QIDS, BDI, STAI-trait, SHAPS, HAMD, MADRS, fMRI |
Doss et al.91 | N = 24 (F = 16) | MDD | Psilocybin session 1 (20 mg/70 kg); psilocybin session 2 (30 mg/70 kg) | Two psilocybin sessions, randomization for immediate and delay treatments; preparation and integrations sessions based on non-directive support | Immediate and delayed treatments differed in onset time of treatment with the same duration of preparation, psilocybin administration, and integration sessions – 4 weeks | Yes | GRID-HAMD, Penn Conditional Exclusion Test, fMRI |
Age: 24–59 | |||||||
Gasser et al.92 | N = 10 (F = 4) | Metastasis disease cooccurring with mental health disorder: MDD, Dysthymia, Reactive Depression, Panic, General Anxiety, Social Phobia, and PTSD | LSD (200 µm) or active placebo (20 µm) | Two LSD sessions, preparation sessions, and integration sessions with client center approach | Preparation, LSD administration, and integration sessions – 9 weeks Follow up - 1 year | Yes | STAI, Qualitative semi-structured interviews to gain holistic understanding of client perspective |
Age: 39–64 | |||||||
Goodwin et al.68 | N = 233, (F = 121) | TRD | Psilocybin (10 mg or 25 mg) or active placebo (1 mg) | One psilocybin session, preparation and integration sessions consist of non-directive support | Preparation, psilocybin administration, and integration sessions – 6 weeks Follow up - 12 weeks | Yes | MADRS |
Fontes et al.93 | N = 29 (F = 21) | TRD | Ayahuasca (1 ml/kg) or placebo | One Ayahuasca session, assistance was offered as needed | 1 week | Yes | MADRS, HAMD, CADSS, BPRS, MEQ-30 |
Age: 18–60 | |||||||
Mithoefer et al.94 | N = 105 Age >18 | PTSD | MDMA (75–125 mg) or active placebo (0–40 mg) | Two MDMA sessions, preparation and integration sessions, based on non-directive support to allow processing of traumatic memories and other interpersonal and behavioral experiences | Preparation, MDMA administration, and integration sessions – 6 weeks Follow up – 2 months and up to a 1 year | Yes, | CAPS-5 and BDI-II scores |
Mitchell et al.95 | N = 90 (F = 59) | PTSD | MDMA (80–180 mg) or placebo | Three MDMA sessions, preparation and integration sessions based on MDMA-assisted therapy | Preparation, MDMA administration, and integration sessions – 12 weeks Follow up – 6 weeks | Yes | CAPS-5 and SDS scores |
Mitchell et al.42 | N = 104 (F = 74) Age >18 | PTSD | MDMA (120–180 mg) or placebo | Three MDMA sessions, preparation and integration sessions based on MDMA-assisted therapy | Preparation, MDMA administration, and integration sessions – 12 weeks Follow up – 6 weeks | Yes | CAPS-5 and SDS scores |
