Table 1 Six cultural characteristics in the cultural dimension theory
Characteristic (Interpretation) | Meaning |
|---|---|
Power Distance (high vs low) | A degree to which inequality and unequal distributions of power between parties are accepted. |
Individualism (vs Collectivism) | A degree to which a society excepts individuals to be loosely tied to one another, and to take care of only themselves and their immediate family. |
Success-Drivenness (vs Quality-Orientation) | A societal value for achievement, and material rewards for success (originally named ‘Masculinity’). |
Uncertainty Avoidance (high vs low) | A degree to which individuals feel threatened by unknown situations, and try to avoid such situations. |
Long-Term Orientation (vs Short-Term Orientation) | Values oriented towards future rewards, perseverance, and thrift, which are related to ‘saving’ as opposed to ‘spending’. |
Indulgence (vs Self-Restrained) | Acceptance of relatively free gratification of basic and natural human needs to enjoy life. |
