Fig. 4: A network visualisation depicts the significant cluster identified after a permutation test comparing edges between the two cohorts.

The significant cluster represents a connected component of the network in which all edges significantly differ between cohorts, with the size of this cluster exceeding what would be expected under the null hypothesis of no cluster of connected edges. Red edges indicate greater values in the pain cohort, while blue edges indicate greater values in the No Diagnosed Pain cohort. The threshold for cluster formation was set at 0.04.