Table 1 Overview of the Macrovipera venom proteomes currently available in the literature

From: The biology and toxinology of blunt-nosed vipers

 

Taxon

M. l. lebetina

M. l. cernovi

M. l. obtusa

M. l. transmediterranea

M. schweizeri

D. mauritanica

 

Origin

Cyprus

Iran

Armenia

Türkiye

Türkiye

Russia

Tunisia*

Tunisia*

Greece

Morocco

Morocco

Major toxin families

svMP

30.9%

38.5%

33.8%

✓

22.4%

24.1%

67.0%

64.0%

✓

46.5%

✓

PLA2

8.6%

8.9%

14.6%

✓

12.8%

13.6%

4.0%

5.0%

✓

5.5%

✓

svSP

17.2%

16.0%

14.9%

✓

18.6%

24.0%

9.0%

5.5%

✓

8.3%

✓

CTL

4.4%

8.2%

14.8%

✓

14.0%

9.0%

10.0%

3.2%

✓

8.1%

✓

Secondary toxin families

DI

15.5%

13.6%

11.3%

✓

15.0%

13.7%

7.0%

15.1%

✓

13.8%

✓

LAAO

7.6%

7.5%

1.7%

✓

3.7%

2.1%

-

-

✓

-

-

CRISP

1.8%

<1%

2.6%

✓

0.9%

1.1%

-

-

✓

-

-

VEGF

<1%

<1%

-

✓

-

-

2.0%

3.3%

✓

10.8%

✓

KUN

-

-

-

✓

-

-

-

3.1%

✓

2.5%

✓

Minor toxin families

NGF

2.3%

0.6%

-

✓

0.8%

-

-

-

✓

-

-

5N

1.5%

1.4%

-

-

-

0.2%

-

-

✓

-

-

PDE

1.4%

0.1%

-

-

0.2%

0.2%

-

-

✓

-

-

HYAL

✓

-

-

✓

-

0.1%

-

-

✓

-

-

PLB

0.6%

0.4%

-

-

-

-

-

-

✓

-

-

CYS

✓

✓

-

-

-

-

-

-

(✓)

-

-

Rare toxin families

3FTx

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

✓

-

-

ACE

-

✓

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

AChE

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

✓

-

-

AP

✓

✓

-

✓

-

-

-

-

✓

-

-

LIP

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

✓

-

-

PLA2-i

✓

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

✓

-

-

PPT

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

✓

-

-

QC

✓

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

✓

-

-

Serpin

-

✓

-

-

-

-

-

-

(✓)

-

-

VC3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

✓

-

-

Vespryn

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

✓

-

-

Other

✓

✓

-

-

1.0%

-

-

-

-

-

-

Peptides

svMP-i

6.3%

3.5%

-

-

9.5%

4.8%

-

-

✓

-

-

BPP/pGpH/NP

1.8%

1.1%

5.3%

-

✓

5.6%

0.5%

0.8%

✓

4.5%

-

 

References

114

114

110

111

115

113

109

112

36

112

202

 

Proteomics workflow

Snake venomics

Snake venomics

Snake venomics

2D SDS-PAGE

Bottom-up

Snake venomics

Snake venomics

Snake venomics

Snake venomics

Shotgun

Snake venomics

Shotgun

 

(Semi-) Quantification

RP-HPLC 

+ Densito

RP-HPLC 

+ Densito 

+ MS (SpI)

RP-HPLC 

+ Densito

+ MS (SpI)

N of proteins

RP-HPLC

+ Densito

RP-HPLC

+ Densito

+ MS (SpI)

RP-HPLC

+ Densito

RP-HPLC

+ Densito

+ MS (SpI)

N of proteins

RP-HPLC

+ Densito

+ MS (SpI)

No quantification

  1. The identified toxin families are sorted following Damm et al. 11,115. Check marks (✓) indicate components confirmed to be present in the venom but not quantified. Hyphens (-) indicate undetected components. Components requiring further confirmation are in brackets. Asterisks (*) indicate proteomes obtained from venom milked from the same snake. Relative abundances of toxin families are rounded to one decimal place. The available Daboia mauritanica venom proteomes currently in the literature112,202 are also presented for comparison. Information on the type of proteomics analysis and quantification protocol applied for each proteome is provided.
  2. svMP snake venom metalloproteinase; PLA2 phospholipase A2; svSP snake venom serine protease; CTL C-type lectin and C-type lectin-related protein; DI disintegrin; LAAO l-amino acid oxidase; CRISP cysteine-rich secretory protein; VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor; KUN Kunitz-type inhibitor; NGF nerve growth factor; 5N 5'-nucleotidase; PDE phosphodiesterase; HYAL hyaluronidase; PLB phospholipase B; CYS cystatin; 3FTx three-finger toxin; ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme; AChE acetylcholinesterase; AP aminopeptidase; LIP lipase; PLA2-i PLA2 inhibitor; PPT palmitoyl-protein thioesterase; QC glutaminyl cyclotransferase; VC3 venom complement activating/C3 homologue; svMP-i svMP inhibitor; BPP bradykinin-potentiating peptide; pGpH proline-glycine-proline-histidine; NP natriuretic peptide; Densito 1D SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) densitometry; RP-HPLC reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography; SpI spectral intensity (MS1).
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