Table 1 Comparison of settling rates for MPs, FWS and MS
From: Impact of heteroaggregation between microplastics and algae on particle vertical transport
Particle type | Settling rate (m s−1) | Size (mm) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
MPs (PET, PLA) irregular fragments MPs (PET) fibres | 2.39–32 × 10−4 4.78 × 10−4 | 0.063–0.250 0.5 | Current study |
MPs (PET, PVC, PS) irregular fragments MPs (PET, CoPA) fibres | 19–1,200 × 10−4 10–700 × 10−4 | 0.4–5 5–15 | Waldschläger and Schüttrumpf32 |
MPs (PCL) cylinders MPs (fishing lines, 1,130–1,168 kg m−3) fibres | 597 ± 208 × 10−4 67–246 × 10−4 | 0.59–6.23 0.15–0.71 | Khatmullina and Isachenko17 |
MPs (PET) irregular fragments | 116.8–1,129.1 × 10−4 | 0.3–2.5 | Wang et al.36 |
FWS Artificial flocs of diatoms, green algae, cyanobacteria | 10.3 ± 6 × 10−4 | 1.161 ± 0.35 | Current study |
FWS Natural flocs of Daphnia moults | 4.29 ± 0.2 × 10−4 | 3 | Grossart and Simon23 |
FWS Natural flocs of Copepods carcass | 6.59 × 10−4 | 3 | Grossart and Simon23 |
FWS Natural mixture of diatoms, green algae, cyanobacteria | 2.9 ± 0.1 × 10−4 | 6–12 | Grossart and Simon23 |
FWS and MPs Agglomerates of natural freshwater and PP | 3 | 0.125–2 | Semcesen and Wells15 |
MS Natural flocs, in situ and in laboratory measurements | 8.56 ± 4.5 | 2.4–75 | Alldredge and Gotschalk6 |
MS Natural flocs | 3–15 × 10−4 | 0.01–0.1 | Hawley57 |
MS Natural flocs, in situ measurement | 4 × 10−4 | 1–5 | Asper8 |
MS Natural flocs, in situ measurement | 1.96–30 × 10−4 | Kajihara58 | |
MS Natural flocs, in situ measurement | 11–17 × 10−4 | 1–12 | Lampitt59 |
MS Natural flocs, in situ measurement | 4.9–10 × 10−4 | 2–11 | Shanks and Trent9 |
MS Mixture of diatoms or coccolithophorids | 5.9–84 | 0.1–2.9 | Ploug and Inversen37 |
MS Mixture of diatoms and cryptophyte | 23 × 10−4 | 1.8–3.5 | Long et al.20 |
MS Artificial flocs | 39–115 × 10−4 | 2–6 | Prairie et al.30 |
