Table 3 Summary of research activities by population engageda

From: Systematic re-review of WASH trials to assess women’s engagement in intervention delivery and research activities

 

Targeted women

Targeted men

Targeted women and/or men

Targeted children

Targeted other specified individualsb

Targeted unspecified individuals

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

Survey (for example, baseline, midline or endline)

63

47.7

1

0.8

7

5.3

5

3.8

18

13.6

60

45.5

Diarrhoea recall surveys (independent of other surveys)

53

40.2

0

0.0

2

1.5

2

1.5

4

3.0

24

18.2

Water behaviour/practices recall (independent of other surveys)

18

13.6

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

2

1.5

10

7.6

Observation (unstructured or structured)

18

13.6

0

0.0

0

0.0

5

3.8

7

5.3

28

21.2

Unannounced drop in visits

3

2.3

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

11

8.3

Qualitative research

11

8.3

1

0.8

0

0.0

0

0.0

3

2.3

0

0.0

Anthropometric measurements

5

3.8

0

0.0

0

0.0

2

1.5

0

0.0

2

1.5

Hand rinses

2

1.5

0

0.0

0

0.0

2

1.5

0

0.0

1

0.8

Stool or rectal swab collection

0

0.0

0

0.0

1

0.8

15

11.4

2

1.5

3

2.3

Sera sample

1

0.8

0

0.0

0

0.0

9

6.8

0

0.0

1

0.8

Nasal swabs

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

2

1.5

0

0.0

1

0.8

School absence logs

1

0.8

0

0.0

0

0.0

2

1.5

4

3.0

1

0.8

Case record forms about illnesses and/or school absences

11

8.3

0

0.0

0

0.0

2

1.5

9

6.8

5

3.8

Environmental swabs

1

0.8

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

3

2.3

Water testing (residual chlorine, total coliforms, Escherichia coli or faecal coliforms)

6

4.5

0

0.0

1

0.8

0

0.0

2

1.5

55

41.7

  1. aMany studies involved multiple research activities, so the total number of activities per group may be greater than the total number of studies (n = 132).
  2. bExamples of ‘other specified individuals’ include daycare administrators and staff, teachers and key informants.