Table 2 Respondent and toilet characteristics
From: Validity and reliability of the Sanitation-related Quality of Life index (SanQoL-5) in six countries
Ethiopia (n = 1,586) | India (n = 1,213) | Kenya (n = 1,000) | Malawi (n = 1,400) | Mozambique (n = 601) | Zambia (n = 365) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Milieu | 81% rural | 87% rural | 71% rural | 100% rural | 0% rural | 100% rural |
Demographic characteristics | ||||||
Respondent is female | 829 (52%) | 607 (50%) | 514 (51%) | 1167 (84%) | 330 (55%) | 182 (50%) |
Respondent age (mean, s.d.) | 41.8 (13.6) | 34.8 (10.8) | 35.3 (13.1) | 39.9 (16.1) | 40.4 (16.4) | 43.3 (15.6) |
Aged 18–29 | 286 (18%) | 430 (35%) | 412 (41%) | 401 (29%) | 205 (34%) | 80 (22%) |
Aged 30–44 | 663 (42%) | 518 (43%) | 338 (34%) | 529 (38%) | 182 (30%) | 129 (35%) |
Aged 45–59 | 419 (26%) | 229 (19%) | 194 (19%) | 275 (20%) | 111 (18%) | 91 (25%) |
Aged 60+ | 217 (14%) | 36 (3%) | 56 (6%) | 187 (13%) | 103 (17%) | 65 (18%) |
Household size (mean, s.d.) | 5.3 (2.1) | 6.2 (3.0) | 4.7 (2.6) | 4.5 (1.7) | 5.3 (2.5) | 5.8 (3.0) |
Completed primary school or above | 722 (91%)a | 865 (71%) | 853 (85%) | 1,256 (90%) | 399 (66%) | 258 (71%) |
Piped water on-premises | 469 (30%) | 114 (9%) | 287 (29%) | 4 (0.3%) | 358 (60%) | 17 (5%) |
Sanitation characteristics | ||||||
Toilet type | ||||||
Flush or pour-flush toilet | 5 (0.3%) | 784 (65%) | 209 (21%) | 1 (0.1%) | 195 (32%) | 5 (1%) |
Pit latrine with concrete slab | 219 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 563 (56%) | 194 (14%) | 301 (50%) | 61 (17%) |
Pit latrine with wood/soil slab | 961 (61%) | 0 (0%) | 195 (20%) | 1,159 (83%) | 47 (8%) | 254 (70%) |
Open defecation | 401 (25%) | 429 (35%) | 32 (3%) | 46 (3%) | 58 (10%) | 45 (12%) |
Toilet shared with other householdsb | 187 (16%) | 87 (12%) | 349 (36%) | 825 (62%) | 153 (28%) | 127 (40%) |
Toilet has solid wallsb | 358 (30%) | 781 (99%) | 762 (82%) | 961 (72%) | 430 (72%) | 218 (81%) |
Faeces not observed on pan/slabb | 656 (81%) | 593 (75%) | 631 (78%) | 1,088 (82%) | 579 (96%) | 254 (94%) |
Pan/slab is concrete, porcelain or similarb | 220 (19%) | 784 (100%) | 769 (80%) | 195 (15%) | 496 (91%) | 64 (20%) |
Water seal is present (flush or pour-flush)b | 5 (0.4%) | 801 (100%) | 209 (21%) | 1 (0.1%) | 195 (36%) | 5 (2%) |
Toilet has inside lockb | n/a | 612 (78%) | 714 (77%) | 65 (5%) | 152 (28%) | 6 (2%) |
