Fig. 2: Physico-chemical structure of PA–SNFC. | Nature Water

Fig. 2: Physico-chemical structure of PA–SNFC.

From: Nanofiltration membranes with ultra-high negative charge density for enhanced anion sieving and removal of organic micropollutants

Fig. 2: Physico-chemical structure of PA–SNFC.

a–c, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of PES macropore substrate (a), SNFC/PES composite substrate (b) and PA–SNFC membrane (c). d,e, AFM images of the SNFC interlayer (d) and PA–SNFC surface (e). f, TEM cross-sectional image of PA–SNFC membrane. ImageJ software was used to measure the thickness of the PA layer (yellow font) and SNFC interlayer (white font). g, PEG rejection curves. h, Pore size distribution curves. dp, pore diameter. i, Probability density function of the PALS of the PA–SNFC membranes. Error bars in g represent the standard deviation (s.d., n = 3, n derived from different experimental units) and data are presented as mean values ± s.d.

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