Fig. 5: Removal of different OMPs.
a, ESP on the van der Waals surface of BPA (1.22 nm × 0.79 nm × 0.66 nm), OFL (1.57 nm × 1.01 nm × 0.61 nm), TC (1.48 nm × 1.04 nm × 0.91 nm) and CP (1.45 nm × 0.99 nm × 0.85 nm). b, Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra of BPA, OFL, TC and CP in water before (feed) and after (permeate) selectivity tests performed with a PA–SNFC membrane (7.14 μg cm−2). c, Separation performances of BPA, OFL, TC and CP by PA–SNFC membranes and NF 270. The size of the circle represents permeance, the colour of the circle represents different membranes, the horizontal axis represents different OMPs and the vertical axis represents water/OMP selectivity (A/BOMP). d, Trade-off effect between permeance and A/BOMP for PA–SNFC membranes, commercial and state-of-the-art membranes. The traditional upper bound was plotted according to a review7. e, Schematic diagram of anion sieving and OMP removal by a highly ionized PA–SNFC membrane. The blue balls represent hydrated SO42−, the red balls represent hydrated Cl− and the organic molecules are negatively charged OMPs represented by TC.
