Extended Data Fig. 3: Distribution and characteristics of bacterial defence systems in groundwater microbiomes.
a. Composition of defence gene families identified across all groundwater MAGs. b. Distribution of defence-encoding genomes across the ten most represented bacterial phyla. Bars indicate the proportion of genomes carrying defence systems, with the total number of unique DGs per phylum shown alongside. c. Defence gene (DG) counts in MAGs predicted to be phage-susceptible (P-phage, n = 1,458) versus those without phage-linked contigs (NP-phage, n = 1,452). Each point represents the number of DGs in an individual host genome. Statistical significance was evaluated using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p < 2 × 10−16). d. DG counts in L-phage (n = 908) versus NL-phage (n = 376) hosts. Each point represents an individual host genome. Box plots indicate the median (center line and red point), interquartile range (box), and 1.5 × the interquartile range (whiskers). Statistical significance was determined using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test. e. Number of ARG types associated with NP-phage, NL-phage, and L-phage hosts.
