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  • Review Article
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Vibration-based cell engineering

Nature Reviews Bioengineering volume 3, pages 408–429 (2025)Cite this article

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Abstract

Cell engineering has the aim of producing cells with controlled phenotype for medical use, for example, for cell therapy, cell transplantation or drug discovery. However, chemical induction of cell phenotypes, in particular, the use of inductive media and growth factors, often lacks specificity, might be unsuitable for clinical use and remains costly and difficult to scale up. Alternatively, mechanotransductive stimulation can be applied to engineer cells with specific phenotypes. In this Review, we discuss vibration as a mechanotransductive cell-engineering tool for both in vitro phenotypic control and in vivo regenerative therapy. We examine how vibration devices can be designed to provide specific frequencies and amplitudes to which cells respond through either adhesion-induced or channel-induced mechanotransduction pathways. We further highlight key applications of vibrational stimulation for bone regeneration as well as whole-body vibration as regenerative therapy, identifying important mechanisms of action and gaps in translational pipelines.

Key points

  • Cells can respond to their mechanical environment through phenotypic and functional changes.

  • Vibration is being explored for cell engineering to modify cellular growth, motility and differentiation.

  • Various vibration parameters (frequency, amplitude and duration) are being explored for cell engineering, but their relation to mechanotransductive signalling and phenotypic changes are yet to be fully understood.

  • Vibrational stimulation might be clinically applied for cell therapy or regenerative medicine, but scalibility and optimization of parameters remain challenging.

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Fig. 1: Vibrational mechanosensing.
Fig. 2: Vibration devices and phenotypic control.
Fig. 3: Vibrational mechanotransduction.

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Acknowledgements

We thank EPSRC for grants EP/N013905/1 and EP/P001114/1.

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  1. Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment (CeMi), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK

    Olivia Johnson-Love, Stuart Reid & Peter G. Childs

  2. Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment (CeMi), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez & Matthew J. Dalby

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O.J.-L., P.G.C. and M.J.D. led the writing of the review, with all authors involved in contributing to different sections. All authors critically read the review.

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The failure of a phase IIb trial of ALLOB: https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/bone-therapeutics-final-asset-buried-after-failure-phase-2-fracture-study

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Johnson-Love, O., Salmeron-Sanchez, M., Reid, S. et al. Vibration-based cell engineering. Nat Rev Bioeng 3, 408–429 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44222-025-00273-x

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