Table 1 Summary of the fundamental mechanisms of the action of ribosome-targeting antibiotics used in the study
Classes | Antibiotics | Abb. | Sub unita | Binding sites | Mechanisms of action | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bactericidal | Aminoglycosides | Gentamicin | Gen | S | Helix 44 of 16S rRNA in the decoding center | Induce misreading of mRNA, resulting in the incorporation of incorrect amino acids into protein and/or inhibit translocation. |
Kanamycin | Kan | |||||
Streptomycin | Str | |||||
Paromomycin | Par | |||||
Bacteriostatic | Tetracyclines | Tetracycline | Tet | S | Helix 34 of 16S rRNA | Inhibit aminoacyl-tRNA delivery into the A site by crashing the anticodon loop of the A-site tRNA. |
Doxycycline | Dox | |||||
Oxytetracycline | Otc | |||||
Amphenicols | Chloramphenicol | Chl | L | Peptidyl transferase center (PTC) | Inhibit peptide-bond formation by perturbing the correct positioning of the aminoacylated ends of tRNAs in the PTC. | |
Florfenicol | Ffc | |||||
Thiamphenicol | Tap | |||||
Macrolides | Azithromycin | Azm | L | An rRNA pocket formed by domains II and V of 23S rRNA at the nascent peptide exit tunnel | Inhibit nascent chain elongation or block translocation by interacting with nascent peptides. Sequence-specific inhibition. | |
Erythromycin | Ery | |||||
Clarithromycin | Clr |
